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Component Library Data

Total parts catalogued: 74 Generated: 2026-05-11 Sources: All data sourced from manufacturer datasheets cited per-part. Follow-on: Implementation spec for these parts (TBD) will translate this catalogue into src/components/... classes.

Summary table

Class Refdes Primary package
ATmega328P U PDIP-28
ATmega2560 U TQFP-100
ATmega32U4 U TQFP-44
ATtiny85 U PDIP-8
ATtiny84 U PDIP-14
STM32F103C8T6 U LQFP-48
STM32F411CEU6 U UFQFPN-48
RP2040 U QFN-56
ESP32_WROOM_32 U SMD module (38-pad)
ESP8266_12F U SMD module (22-pad)
SN74HC00 U DIP-14
SN74HC02 U DIP-14
SN74HC08 U DIP-14
SN74HC32 U DIP-14
SN74HC74 U DIP-14
SN74HC86 U DIP-14
SN74HC138 U DIP-16
SN74HC139 U DIP-16
SN74HC151 U DIP-16
SN74HC157 U DIP-16
SN74HC165 U DIP-16
SN74HC174 U DIP-16
SN74HC273 U DIP-20
SN74HC541 U DIP-20
SN74HC595 U DIP-16
LM358 U PDIP-8
LM324 U PDIP-14
TL072 U PDIP-8
TL074 U PDIP-14
LM741 U PDIP-8
MCP6002 U PDIP-8
OPA2134 U PDIP-8
LMV358 U SOIC-8
LM339 U PDIP-14
TLV3401 U SOT-23-5
LM311 U PDIP-8
LM7805 U TO-220
LM7812 U TO-220
LM7905 U TO-220
LM317 U TO-220
LM337 U TO-220
AMS1117_33 U SOT-223
AMS1117_50 U SOT-223
LP2950 U TO-92
BC547 Q TO-92
BC557 Q TO-92
Q2N3904 Q TO-92
Q2N3906 Q TO-92
Q2N2222 Q TO-92
Q2N7000 Q TO-92
BS170 Q TO-92
IRLB8721 Q TO-220
IRFZ44N Q TO-220
TIP120 Q TO-220
D1N4148 D DO-35
D1N4001 D DO-41
D1N4007 D DO-41
D1N5817 D DO-41
D1N4733A D DO-41
D1N4742A D DO-41
NE555 U PDIP-8
LM386 U PDIP-8
DS18B20 U TO-92
DS1307 U PDIP-8
MAX7219 U PDIP-24W
TMP36 U TO-92
BMP280 U LGA-8
MPU6050 U QFN-24
HCSR04 U 4-pin SIP module
MOC3021 U DIP-6
OPTO_4N25 U DIP-6
OPTO_TLP521 U DIP-4
TLC5940 U DIP-28
MAX232 U DIP-16

Microcontrollers

ATmega328P — 8-bit AVR microcontroller, 32 KB flash, 28-pin

  • Manufacturer(s): Microchip (formerly Atmel)
  • MFR P/N (primary): ATMEGA328P-PU
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): PDIP-28, TQFP-32, MLF/QFN-32
  • Pin map (primary package, PDIP-28):
Pin Name Direction
1 PC6 / /RESET BIDIR (IN as /RESET)
2 PD0 / RXD BIDIR
3 PD1 / TXD BIDIR
4 PD2 / INT0 BIDIR
5 PD3 / INT1 / OC2B BIDIR
6 PD4 / T0 / XCK BIDIR
7 VCC power_in
8 GND power_in
9 PB6 / XTAL1 / TOSC1 BIDIR
10 PB7 / XTAL2 / TOSC2 BIDIR
11 PD5 / T1 / OC0B BIDIR
12 PD6 / AIN0 / OC0A BIDIR
13 PD7 / AIN1 BIDIR
14 PB0 / ICP1 / CLKO BIDIR
15 PB1 / OC1A BIDIR
16 PB2 / /SS / OC1B BIDIR
17 PB3 / MOSI / OC2A BIDIR
18 PB4 / MISO BIDIR
19 PB5 / SCK BIDIR
20 AVCC power_in
21 AREF power_in
22 GND power_in
23 PC0 / ADC0 BIDIR
24 PC1 / ADC1 BIDIR
25 PC2 / ADC2 BIDIR
26 PC3 / ADC3 BIDIR
27 PC4 / ADC4 / SDA BIDIR
28 PC5 / ADC5 / SCL BIDIR
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-28_W7.62mm
  • Description: 8-bit AVR RISC microcontroller with 32 KB flash, 2 KB SRAM, 1 KB EEPROM. The chip at the heart of the Arduino Uno.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_CC 1.8–5.5 V (full 20 MHz at 4.5–5.5 V); active ~0.2 mA/MHz @ 1.8 V, ~9 mA @ 16 MHz/5 V; power-down <1 µA; absolute max V_CC 6.0 V, per-pin I/O 40 mA, total I/O 200 mA.
  • Datasheet URL: https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/ATmega48A-PA-88A-PA-168A-PA-328-P-DS-DS40002061B.pdf
  • SPICE model: (generic model required) — Microchip does not publish a SPICE model; use a digital I/O behavioural macro or vendor-supplied IBIS.
  • Notes: Pin 1 must be pulled to V_CC through a 10 kΩ resistor for normal operation; tying it low resets the part. AVCC must be connected (within 0.3 V of VCC) even if ADC unused. Internal 8 MHz RC oscillator allows operation without a crystal; fuses select clock source.

ATmega2560 — 8-bit AVR microcontroller, 256 KB flash, 100-pin

  • Manufacturer(s): Microchip (formerly Atmel)
  • MFR P/N (primary): ATMEGA2560-16AU
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): TQFP-100, CBGA-100
  • Pin map (primary package, TQFP-100):
Pin Name Direction
1 PG5 / OC0B BIDIR
2 PE0 / RXD0 / PCINT8 BIDIR
3 PE1 / TXD0 BIDIR
4 PE2 / XCK0 / AIN0 BIDIR
5 PE3 / OC3A / AIN1 BIDIR
6 PE4 / OC3B / INT4 BIDIR
7 PE5 / OC3C / INT5 BIDIR
8 PE6 / T3 / INT6 BIDIR
9 PE7 / CLKO / ICP3 / INT7 BIDIR
10 VCC power_in
11 GND power_in
12 PH0 / RXD2 BIDIR
13 PH1 / TXD2 BIDIR
14 PH2 / XCK2 BIDIR
15 PH3 / OC4A BIDIR
16 PH4 / OC4B BIDIR
17 PH5 / OC4C BIDIR
18 PH6 / OC2B BIDIR
19 PB0 / SS / PCINT0 BIDIR
20 PB1 / SCK / PCINT1 BIDIR
21 PB2 / MOSI / PCINT2 BIDIR
22 PB3 / MISO / PCINT3 BIDIR
23 PB4 / OC2A / PCINT4 BIDIR
24 PB5 / OC1A / PCINT5 BIDIR
25 PB6 / OC1B / PCINT6 BIDIR
26 PB7 / OC0A / OC1C / PCINT7 BIDIR
27 PH7 / T4 BIDIR
28 PG3 / TOSC2 BIDIR
29 PG4 / TOSC1 BIDIR
30 /RESET IN
31 VCC power_in
32 GND power_in
33 XTAL2 BIDIR
34 XTAL1 BIDIR
35 PL0 / ICP4 BIDIR
36 PL1 / ICP5 BIDIR
37 PL2 / T5 BIDIR
38 PL3 / OC5A BIDIR
39 PL4 / OC5B BIDIR
40 PL5 / OC5C BIDIR
41 PL6 BIDIR
42 PL7 BIDIR
43 PD0 / SCL / INT0 BIDIR
44 PD1 / SDA / INT1 BIDIR
45 PD2 / RXD1 / INT2 BIDIR
46 PD3 / TXD1 / INT3 BIDIR
47 PD4 / ICP1 BIDIR
48 PD5 / XCK1 BIDIR
49 PD6 / T1 BIDIR
50 PD7 / T0 BIDIR
51 PG0 / /WR BIDIR
52 PG1 / /RD BIDIR
53 PC0 / A8 BIDIR
54 PC1 / A9 BIDIR
55 PC2 / A10 BIDIR
56 PC3 / A11 BIDIR
57 PC4 / A12 BIDIR
58 PC5 / A13 BIDIR
59 PC6 / A14 BIDIR
60 PC7 / A15 BIDIR
61 VCC power_in
62 GND power_in
63 PJ0 / RXD3 / PCINT9 BIDIR
64 PJ1 / TXD3 / PCINT10 BIDIR
65 PJ2 / XCK3 / PCINT11 BIDIR
66 PJ3 / PCINT12 BIDIR
67 PJ4 / PCINT13 BIDIR
68 PJ5 / PCINT14 BIDIR
69 PJ6 / PCINT15 BIDIR
70 PG2 / ALE BIDIR
71 PA7 / AD7 BIDIR
72 PA6 / AD6 BIDIR
73 PA5 / AD5 BIDIR
74 PA4 / AD4 BIDIR
75 PA3 / AD3 BIDIR
76 PA2 / AD2 BIDIR
77 PA1 / AD1 BIDIR
78 PA0 / AD0 BIDIR
79 PJ7 BIDIR
80 VCC power_in
81 GND power_in
82 PK7 / ADC15 / PCINT23 BIDIR
83 PK6 / ADC14 / PCINT22 BIDIR
84 PK5 / ADC13 / PCINT21 BIDIR
85 PK4 / ADC12 / PCINT20 BIDIR
86 PK3 / ADC11 / PCINT19 BIDIR
87 PK2 / ADC10 / PCINT18 BIDIR
88 PK1 / ADC9 / PCINT17 BIDIR
89 PK0 / ADC8 / PCINT16 BIDIR
90 PF7 / ADC7 / TDI BIDIR
91 PF6 / ADC6 / TDO BIDIR
92 PF5 / ADC5 / TMS BIDIR
93 PF4 / ADC4 / TCK BIDIR
94 PF3 / ADC3 BIDIR
95 PF2 / ADC2 BIDIR
96 PF1 / ADC1 BIDIR
97 PF0 / ADC0 BIDIR
98 AREF power_in
99 GND power_in
100 AVCC power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_QFP:TQFP-100_14x14mm_P0.5mm
  • Description: High-pin-count AVR with 256 KB flash, 8 KB SRAM, 4 KB EEPROM, 16 PWM channels, 4 UARTs. The Arduino Mega 2560 chip.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_CC 4.5–5.5 V (16 MHz parts), 1.8–5.5 V (L variant, derated speed); active ~20 mA @ 16 MHz/5 V; power-down <1 µA; per-pin I/O 40 mA, V_CC absolute max 6.0 V.
  • Datasheet URL: https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/devicedoc/atmel-2549-8-bit-avr-microcontroller-atmega640-1280-1281-2560-2561_datasheet.pdf
  • SPICE model: (generic model required)
  • Notes: Five separate VCC/GND pairs must all be decoupled with 100 nF close to each pair. AVCC must be bridged to VCC through a ferrite/LC filter if ADC accuracy matters. /RESET requires 10 kΩ pull-up.

ATmega32U4 — 8-bit AVR microcontroller with USB device, 32 KB flash, 44-pin

  • Manufacturer(s): Microchip (formerly Atmel)
  • MFR P/N (primary): ATMEGA32U4-AU
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): TQFP-44, VQFN-44
  • Pin map (primary package, TQFP-44):
Pin Name Direction
1 PE6 BIDIR
2 UVCC power_in
3 D_NEG BIDIR
4 D_POS BIDIR
5 UGND power_in
6 UCAP power_in
7 VBUS power_in
8 PB0 BIDIR
9 PB1 BIDIR
10 PB2 BIDIR
11 PB3 BIDIR
12 PB7 BIDIR
13 /RESET IN
14 VCC power_in
15 GND power_in
16 XTAL2 BIDIR
17 XTAL1 BIDIR
18 PD0 BIDIR
19 PD1 BIDIR
20 PD2 BIDIR
21 PD3 BIDIR
22 PD5 BIDIR
23 GND power_in
24 VCC power_in
25 PD4 BIDIR
26 PD6 BIDIR
27 PD7 BIDIR
28 PB4 BIDIR
29 PB5 BIDIR
30 PB6 BIDIR
31 PC6 BIDIR
32 PC7 BIDIR
33 PE2 (/HWB) BIDIR
34 VCC power_in
35 GND power_in
36 PF7 BIDIR
37 PF6 BIDIR
38 PF5 BIDIR
39 PF4 BIDIR
40 PF1 BIDIR
41 PF0 BIDIR
42 AREF power_in
43 GND power_in
44 AVCC power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_QFP:TQFP-44_10x10mm_P0.8mm
  • Description: AVR with built-in USB 2.0 full-speed device controller. The Arduino Leonardo / Micro / Pro Micro chip.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2.7–5.5 V (full 16 MHz at 4.5–5.5 V); UVCC 3.0–5.5 V; active ~10 mA @ 8 MHz/3.3 V, ~20 mA @ 16 MHz/5 V; absolute max V_CC 6.0 V.
  • Datasheet URL: https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/devicedoc/atmel-7766-8-bit-avr-atmega16u4-32u4_datasheet.pdf
  • SPICE model: (generic model required)
  • Notes: UCAP pin needs a 1 µF ceramic to GND for the internal USB 3.3 V regulator. UVCC and VBUS must both be powered for USB operation. /HWB (pin 44) held low at reset enters the USB DFU bootloader — critical for board-side recovery.

ATtiny85 — 8-bit AVR microcontroller, 8 KB flash, 8-pin

  • Manufacturer(s): Microchip (formerly Atmel)
  • MFR P/N (primary): ATTINY85-20PU
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): PDIP-8, SOIC-8, TSSOP-8, VQFN-20 (rare)
  • Pin map (primary package, PDIP-8):
Pin Name Direction
1 PB5 / /RESET / ADC0 / dW BIDIR (IN as /RESET)
2 PB3 / XTAL1 / CLKI / ADC3 BIDIR
3 PB4 / XTAL2 / CLKO / ADC2 BIDIR
4 GND power_in
5 PB0 / MOSI / DI / SDA / AIN0 / OC0A BIDIR
6 PB1 / MISO / DO / AIN1 / OC0B / OC1A BIDIR
7 PB2 / SCK / SCL / ADC1 / T0 / INT0 BIDIR
8 VCC power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-8_W7.62mm
  • Description: Tiny 8-pin AVR with 8 KB flash, 512 B SRAM, 512 B EEPROM, 4-channel 10-bit ADC. Common for one-shot embedded jobs and Digispark-class boards.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2.7–5.5 V (20 MHz parts), 1.8–5.5 V (V variant); active ~0.3 mA @ 1 MHz/1.8 V, ~5 mA @ 8 MHz/5 V; power-down <0.5 µA; per-pin I/O 40 mA.
  • Datasheet URL: https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/Atmel-2586-AVR-8-bit-Microcontroller-ATtiny25-ATtiny45-ATtiny85_Datasheet.pdf
  • SPICE model: (generic model required)
  • Notes: PB5 is by default the /RESET pin; converting to GPIO requires burning the RSTDISBL fuse and thereafter the chip can only be reprogrammed with high-voltage serial programming. Internal 8 MHz RC oscillator + PLL gives 16 MHz without a crystal.

ATtiny84 — 8-bit AVR microcontroller, 8 KB flash, 14-pin

  • Manufacturer(s): Microchip (formerly Atmel)
  • MFR P/N (primary): ATTINY84-20PU
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): PDIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14, VQFN-20
  • Pin map (primary package, PDIP-14):
Pin Name Direction
1 VCC power_in
2 PB0 / XTAL1 / PCINT8 BIDIR
3 PB1 / XTAL2 / PCINT9 BIDIR
4 PB3 / /RESET / dW / PCINT11 BIDIR (IN as /RESET)
5 PB2 / INT0 / OC0A / CKOUT / PCINT10 BIDIR
6 PA7 / ICP / OC0B / ADC7 / PCINT7 BIDIR
7 PA6 / MOSI / SDA / OC1A / ADC6 / PCINT6 BIDIR
8 PA5 / MISO / DO / OC1B / ADC5 / PCINT5 BIDIR
9 PA4 / SCK / SCL / T1 / ADC4 / PCINT4 BIDIR
10 PA3 / T0 / ADC3 / PCINT3 BIDIR
11 PA2 / AIN1 / ADC2 / PCINT2 BIDIR
12 PA1 / AIN0 / ADC1 / PCINT1 BIDIR
13 PA0 / AREF / ADC0 / PCINT0 BIDIR
14 GND power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-14_W7.62mm
  • Description: 14-pin AVR with 8 KB flash, 512 B SRAM, 12 GPIO, 8-channel 10-bit ADC. Popular for small "smart sensor" projects needing more I/O than an ATtiny85.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2.7–5.5 V (20 MHz parts), 1.8–5.5 V (V variant); active ~0.3 mA @ 1 MHz/1.8 V, ~5 mA @ 8 MHz/5 V; power-down <0.5 µA.
  • Datasheet URL: https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/devicedoc/atmel-7701_automotive-microcontrollers-attiny24-44-84_datasheet.pdf
  • SPICE model: (generic model required)
  • Notes: Like the ATtiny85, /RESET (PB3) can be repurposed as GPIO only by burning RSTDISBL — irreversible without HVSP. Use the internal RC oscillator (8 MHz/CKOUT) to free PB0/PB1 for GPIO.

STM32F103C8T6 — ARM Cortex-M3 microcontroller, 64 KB flash, 48-pin

  • Manufacturer(s): STMicroelectronics
  • MFR P/N (primary): STM32F103C8T6
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): LQFP-48, LQFP-64, LQFP-100, LQFP-144, VFQFPN-36/-48
  • Pin map (primary package, LQFP-48):
Pin Name Direction
1 VBAT power_in
2 PC13 BIDIR
3 PC14 / OSC32_IN BIDIR
4 PC15 / OSC32_OUT BIDIR
5 PD0 / OSC_IN BIDIR
6 PD1 / OSC_OUT BIDIR
7 NRST IN
8 VSSA power_in
9 VDDA power_in
10 PA0 BIDIR
11 PA1 BIDIR
12 PA2 BIDIR
13 PA3 BIDIR
14 PA4 BIDIR
15 PA5 BIDIR
16 PA6 BIDIR
17 PA7 BIDIR
18 PB0 BIDIR
19 PB1 BIDIR
20 VSS power_in
21 VDD power_in
22 PB2 / BOOT1 BIDIR
23 PB10 BIDIR
24 PB11 BIDIR
25 VSS power_in
26 VDD power_in
27 PB12 BIDIR
28 PB13 BIDIR
29 PB14 BIDIR
30 PB15 BIDIR
31 PA8 BIDIR
32 PA9 / USART1_TX BIDIR
33 PA10 / USART1_RX BIDIR
34 PA11 / USB D_NEG BIDIR
35 PA12 / USB D_POS BIDIR
36 PA13 / JTMS-SWDIO BIDIR
37 VSS power_in
38 VDD power_in
39 PA14 / JTCK-SWCLK BIDIR
40 PA15 / JTDI BIDIR
41 PB3 / JTDO BIDIR
42 PB4 / NJTRST BIDIR
43 PB5 BIDIR
44 PB6 BIDIR
45 PB7 BIDIR
46 BOOT0 IN
47 PB8 BIDIR
48 PB9 BIDIR
  • KiCad footprint: Package_QFP:LQFP-48_7x7mm_P0.5mm
  • Description: 72 MHz ARM Cortex-M3 with 64 KB flash, 20 KB SRAM, USB FS device, 2× I²C, 3× USART, 2× SPI, 2× 12-bit ADC. The "Blue Pill" board chip.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_DD 2.0–3.6 V (full 72 MHz at 2.7–3.6 V); run ~36 mA @ 72 MHz, sleep ~2 mA, stop ~24 µA, standby ~3 µA; absolute max V_DD 4.0 V; per-pin I/O 25 mA, total 150 mA.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/stm32f103c8.pdf
  • SPICE model: (generic model required) — IBIS published at the STM32F103C8 product page CAD resources.
  • Notes: BOOT0 high + BOOT1 low at reset enters the built-in UART bootloader on PA9/PA10. Genuine STM32F103C8T6 has 64 KB flash but many parts in the wild are clones (CKS, CS32). USB pull-up is not internal — board must add a 1.5 kΩ pull-up on D+ (the "Blue Pill" gets this wrong; needs the R10 fix).

STM32F411CEU6 — ARM Cortex-M4F microcontroller, 512 KB flash, 48-pin

  • Manufacturer(s): STMicroelectronics
  • MFR P/N (primary): STM32F411CEU6
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): UFQFPN-48, LQFP-64, LQFP-100, WLCSP-49
  • Pin map (primary package, UFQFPN-48):
Pin Name Direction
1 VBAT power_in
2 PC13-ANTI_TAMP BIDIR
3 PC14-OSC32_IN BIDIR
4 PC15-OSC32_OUT BIDIR
5 PH0-OSC_IN BIDIR
6 PH1-OSC_OUT BIDIR
7 NRST IN
8 VSSA power_in
9 VDDA power_in
10 PA0-WKUP BIDIR
11 PA1 BIDIR
12 PA2 BIDIR
13 PA3 BIDIR
14 PA4 BIDIR
15 PA5 BIDIR
16 PA6 BIDIR
17 PA7 BIDIR
18 PB0 BIDIR
19 PB1 BIDIR
20 PB2 (BOOT1) BIDIR
21 PB10 BIDIR
22 VCAP_1 (2.2 µF to GND) power_in
23 VSS power_in
24 VDD power_in
25 PB12 BIDIR
26 PB13 BIDIR
27 PB14 BIDIR
28 PB15 BIDIR
29 PA8 BIDIR
30 PA9 BIDIR
31 PA10 BIDIR
32 PA11 (USB_OTG_FS_DM) BIDIR
33 PA12 (USB_OTG_FS_DP) BIDIR
34 PA13 (SWDIO) BIDIR
35 VSS power_in
36 VDD power_in
37 PA14 (SWCLK) BIDIR
38 PA15 BIDIR
39 PB3 BIDIR
40 PB4 BIDIR
41 PB5 BIDIR
42 PB6 BIDIR
43 PB7 BIDIR
44 BOOT0 IN
45 PB8 BIDIR
46 PB9 BIDIR
47 VSS power_in
48 VDD power_in

Centre exposed pad: connect to GND (VSS).

  • KiCad footprint: Package_DFN_QFN:QFN-48-1EP_7x7mm_P0.5mm_EP5.6x5.6mm (VERIFY: closest match — also seen as UFQFPN-48-1EP_7x7mm_P0.5mm_EP5.6x5.6mm in some KiCad library versions)
  • Description: 100 MHz ARM Cortex-M4 with FPU, 512 KB flash, 128 KB SRAM, USB OTG FS, SDIO, 3× SPI, 3× I²C. The "Black Pill" board chip.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_DD 1.7–3.6 V (BOR off; 1.8 V min otherwise); run ~30 mA @ 100 MHz, sleep ~10 mA, stop ~42 µA, standby ~2 µA; per-pin I/O 25 mA, absolute max V_DD 4.0 V.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/stm32f411ce.pdf
  • SPICE model: (generic model required) — IBIS at the STM32F411CE product page.
  • Notes: VCAP_1 (pin 22) needs a 2.2 µF low-ESR ceramic to GND for the internal LDO — omitting it will brick the chip's core supply. Bottom centre EP is GND and must be soldered. Boots from system bootloader when BOOT0=1 at reset (USB DFU available).

RP2040 — Dual ARM Cortex-M0+ microcontroller, 264 KB SRAM, no internal flash, 56-pin

  • Manufacturer(s): Raspberry Pi
  • MFR P/N (primary): RP2040 (sole source: Raspberry Pi Ltd)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): QFN-56 (7×7 mm, 0.4 mm pitch)
  • Pin map (primary package, QFN-56):
Pin Name Direction
1 IOVDD power_in
2 GP0 BIDIR
3 GP1 BIDIR
4 GP2 BIDIR
5 GP3 BIDIR
6 GP4 BIDIR
7 GP5 BIDIR
8 GP6 BIDIR
9 GP7 BIDIR
10 IOVDD power_in
11 GP8 BIDIR
12 GP9 BIDIR
13 GP10 BIDIR
14 GP11 BIDIR
15 GP12 BIDIR
16 GP13 BIDIR
17 GP14 BIDIR
18 GP15 BIDIR
19 TESTEN IN
20 XIN BIDIR
21 XOUT BIDIR
22 IOVDD power_in
23 DVDD power_in
24 SWCLK BIDIR
25 SWDIO BIDIR
26 RUN IN
27 GP16 BIDIR
28 GP17 BIDIR
29 GP18 BIDIR
30 GP19 BIDIR
31 GP20 BIDIR
32 GP21 BIDIR
33 IOVDD power_in
34 GP22 BIDIR
35 GP23 BIDIR
36 GP24 BIDIR
37 GP25 BIDIR
38 GP26 / ADC0 BIDIR
39 GP27 / ADC1 BIDIR
40 GP28 / ADC2 BIDIR
41 GP29 / ADC3 BIDIR
42 IOVDD power_in
43 ADC_AVDD power_in
44 VREG_VIN power_in
45 VREG_VOUT power_out
46 USB_DM BIDIR
47 USB_DP BIDIR
48 USB_VDD power_in
49 IOVDD power_in
50 DVDD power_in
51 QSPI_SD3 BIDIR
52 QSPI_SCLK BIDIR
53 QSPI_SD0 BIDIR
54 QSPI_SD2 BIDIR
55 QSPI_SD1 BIDIR
56 QSPI_SS_N BIDIR

Centre exposed pad: connect to GND.

  • KiCad footprint: Package_DFN_QFN:QFN-56-1EP_7x7mm_P0.4mm_EP3.2x3.2mm (VERIFY: precise EP size depends on KiCad library version)
  • Description: Dual-core Cortex-M0+ @ 133 MHz, 264 KB SRAM, no on-die flash (uses external QSPI flash via XIP), 8 programmable I/O state machines (PIO), USB 1.1 host/device. The Raspberry Pi Pico chip.
  • Operating voltage / current: IOVDD 1.8–3.3 V, USB_VDD 3.3 V, DVDD 1.1 V (internally regulated); typical 25 mA active, 0.4 mA dormant, 180 µA sleep; absolute max IOVDD 3.63 V.
  • Datasheet URL: https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/rp2040/rp2040-datasheet.pdf
  • SPICE model: (generic model required)
  • Notes: Six IOVDD pins must each be decoupled with a 100 nF cap. Two DVDD pins likewise each need 100 nF plus one 1 µF bulk. Internal VREG output (DVDD) must not be loaded externally. Boots into BOOTSEL mode if QSPI_SS_N is held low at reset — the standard Pico bootloader trick.

ESP32_WROOM_32 — Wi-Fi + Bluetooth module with ESP32-D0WDQ6, 4 MB flash, 38-pad

  • Manufacturer(s): Espressif Systems
  • MFR P/N (primary): ESP32-WROOM-32E (current production)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): SMD module, 18×25.5×3.1 mm, 38 castellated pads
  • Pin map (38-pin variant; see datasheet §2.2 / Table 3):
Pin Name Direction
1 GND power_in
2 3V3 power_in
3 EN (CHIP_PU) IN
4 SENSOR_VP / GPIO36 / ADC1_CH0 IN (input-only)
5 SENSOR_VN / GPIO39 / ADC1_CH3 IN (input-only)
6 GPIO34 / ADC1_CH6 IN (input-only)
7 GPIO35 / ADC1_CH7 IN (input-only)
8 GPIO32 / ADC1_CH4 / XTAL_32K_P BIDIR
9 GPIO33 / ADC1_CH5 / XTAL_32K_N BIDIR
10 GPIO25 / DAC_1 / ADC2_CH8 BIDIR
11 GPIO26 / DAC_2 / ADC2_CH9 BIDIR
12 GPIO27 / ADC2_CH7 BIDIR
13 GPIO14 / ADC2_CH6 / MTMS BIDIR
14 GPIO12 / ADC2_CH5 / MTDI BIDIR
15 GND power_in
16 GPIO13 / ADC2_CH4 / MTCK BIDIR
17 SD2 / GPIO9 (internal flash) BIDIR (avoid)
18 SD3 / GPIO10 (internal flash) BIDIR (avoid)
19 CMD / GPIO11 (internal flash) BIDIR (avoid)
20 CLK / GPIO6 (internal flash) BIDIR (avoid)
21 SD0 / GPIO7 (internal flash) BIDIR (avoid)
22 SD1 / GPIO8 (internal flash) BIDIR (avoid)
23 GPIO15 / ADC2_CH3 / MTDO BIDIR
24 GPIO2 / ADC2_CH2 BIDIR
25 GPIO0 / ADC2_CH1 (boot strap) BIDIR
26 GPIO4 / ADC2_CH0 BIDIR
27 GPIO16 / U2_RXD BIDIR
28 GPIO17 / U2_TXD BIDIR
29 GPIO5 / VSPI_SS BIDIR
30 GPIO18 / VSPI_SCK BIDIR
31 GPIO19 / VSPI_MISO BIDIR
32 NC NC
33 GPIO21 / I2C_SDA BIDIR
34 RXD0 / GPIO3 BIDIR
35 TXD0 / GPIO1 BIDIR
36 GPIO22 / I2C_SCL BIDIR
37 GPIO23 / VSPI_MOSI BIDIR
38 GND power_in
  • KiCad footprint: RF_Module:ESP32-WROOM-32
  • Description: 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n + Bluetooth 4.2 BR/EDR & BLE module built around the dual-core ESP32-D0WDQ6 SoC, with integrated 4 MB SPI flash and PCB antenna.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_DD 3.0–3.6 V (3.3 V nominal); typical 80 mA continuous, Wi-Fi TX peak ~500 mA (need a supply rated ≥ 600 mA), deep sleep 10 µA.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.espressif.com/sites/default/files/documentation/esp32-wroom-32_datasheet_en.pdf
  • SPICE model: (generic model required)
  • Notes: Pins 17–22 are wired to the internal SPI flash — do not route them out. GPIO0 must be high at boot for normal operation, low to enter the UART download bootloader. EN needs a 10 kΩ pull-up plus a 1 µF reset capacitor for reliable startup. Antenna keep-out is mandatory under the module antenna section.

ESP8266_12F — Wi-Fi module with ESP8266EX, 4 MB flash, 22-pad

  • Manufacturer(s): Ai-Thinker (module); silicon by Espressif Systems
  • MFR P/N (primary): ESP-12F
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): SMD module, 16×24×3 mm, 22 castellated pads (2 mm pitch)
  • Pin map (22-pad module):
Pin Name Direction
1 RST IN
2 ADC / TOUT IN (input-only, 0–1.0 V)
3 EN / CH_PD IN
4 GPIO16 / WAKE BIDIR
5 GPIO14 / HSPI_CLK BIDIR
6 GPIO12 / HSPI_MISO BIDIR
7 GPIO13 / HSPI_MOSI / RXD2 BIDIR
8 VCC (3.3 V) power_in
9 CS0 / GPIO15 (boot strap, must be low) BIDIR
10 MISO / GPIO2 (boot strap, must be high) BIDIR
11 GPIO0 (boot strap: high=run, low=flash) BIDIR
12 MOSI / GPIO4 BIDIR
13 SCLK / GPIO5 BIDIR
14 GND power_in
15 GPIO10 / SDD3 (internal flash) BIDIR (avoid)
16 GPIO9 / SDD2 (internal flash) BIDIR (avoid)
17 GPIO11 / SDCMD (internal flash) BIDIR (avoid)
18 GPIO6 / SDCLK (internal flash) BIDIR (avoid)
19 GPIO7 / SDD0 (internal flash) BIDIR (avoid)
20 GPIO8 / SDD1 (internal flash) BIDIR (avoid)
21 RXD / GPIO3 BIDIR
22 TXD / GPIO1 BIDIR
  • KiCad footprint: RF_Module:ESP-12E (VERIFY: ESP-12F shares the ESP-12E pad layout; some KiCad library versions also expose RF_Module:ESP-12F directly)
  • Description: 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n module built around the ESP8266EX SoC with 4 MB SPI flash and PCB antenna.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_CC 3.0–3.6 V; typical 80 mA continuous, TX peak ~300 mA (provide ≥ 500 mA supply with bulk cap), deep sleep ~20 µA.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ai-thinker.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ESP-12F.pdf
  • SPICE model: (generic model required)
  • Notes: Boot straps are unforgiving — GPIO15 LOW, GPIO2 and GPIO0 HIGH at reset for normal operation. Pins 15–20 are bonded to internal SPI flash; never drive them. ADC input is 0–1.0 V (not 0–3.3 V) on the bare chip. Supply must withstand TX bursts.

74HC Logic Family

SN74HC00 — Quad 2-input NAND gate

  • Manufacturer(s): TI primary, Nexperia/onsemi second-source
  • MFR P/N (primary): SN74HC00N (DIP-14)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): DIP-14 (N), SOIC-14 (D), TSSOP-14 (PW)
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 1A IN
2 1B IN
3 1Y OUT
4 2A IN
5 2B IN
6 2Y OUT
7 GND power_in
8 3Y OUT
9 3A IN
10 3B IN
11 4Y OUT
12 4A IN
13 4B IN
14 VCC power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-14_W7.62mm
  • Description: Four independent 2-input NAND gates. Output is LOW only when both inputs are HIGH.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2 V – 6 V; I_OH/I_OL ±5.2 mA at 4.5 V (±25 mA absolute max per output)
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc00.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/SN74HC00 (TI PSpice model available)
  • Notes: All unused inputs must be tied to V_CC or GND — floating CMOS inputs draw shoot-through current and oscillate.

SN74HC02 — Quad 2-input NOR gate

  • Manufacturer(s): TI primary, Nexperia/onsemi second-source
  • MFR P/N (primary): SN74HC02N (DIP-14)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): DIP-14 (N), SOIC-14 (D), TSSOP-14 (PW)
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 1Y OUT
2 1A IN
3 1B IN
4 2Y OUT
5 2A IN
6 2B IN
7 GND power_in
8 3A IN
9 3B IN
10 3Y OUT
11 4A IN
12 4B IN
13 4Y OUT
14 VCC power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-14_W7.62mm
  • Description: Four independent 2-input NOR gates. Output is HIGH only when both inputs are LOW.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2 V – 6 V; I_OH/I_OL ±5.2 mA at 4.5 V
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc02.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/SN74HC02
  • Notes: Pinout differs from HC00 — outputs on pins 1/4/10/13, not 3/6/8/11. Tie unused inputs.

SN74HC08 — Quad 2-input AND gate

  • Manufacturer(s): TI primary, Nexperia/onsemi second-source
  • MFR P/N (primary): SN74HC08N (DIP-14)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): DIP-14 (N), SOIC-14 (D), TSSOP-14 (PW)
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 1A IN
2 1B IN
3 1Y OUT
4 2A IN
5 2B IN
6 2Y OUT
7 GND power_in
8 3Y OUT
9 3A IN
10 3B IN
11 4Y OUT
12 4A IN
13 4B IN
14 VCC power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-14_W7.62mm
  • Description: Four independent 2-input AND gates. Output is HIGH only when both inputs are HIGH.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2 V – 6 V; I_OH/I_OL ±5.2 mA at 4.5 V
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc08.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/SN74HC08
  • Notes: Same pinout as HC00/HC32/HC86. Tie unused inputs.

SN74HC32 — Quad 2-input OR gate

  • Manufacturer(s): TI primary, Nexperia/onsemi second-source
  • MFR P/N (primary): SN74HC32N (DIP-14)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): DIP-14 (N), SOIC-14 (D), TSSOP-14 (PW)
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 1A IN
2 1B IN
3 1Y OUT
4 2A IN
5 2B IN
6 2Y OUT
7 GND power_in
8 3Y OUT
9 3A IN
10 3B IN
11 4Y OUT
12 4A IN
13 4B IN
14 VCC power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-14_W7.62mm
  • Description: Four independent 2-input OR gates. Output is HIGH when either input is HIGH.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2 V – 6 V; I_OH/I_OL ±5.2 mA at 4.5 V
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc32.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/SN74HC32
  • Notes: Same pinout as HC00/HC08/HC86. Tie unused inputs.

SN74HC74 — Dual D-type flip-flop with preset and clear

  • Manufacturer(s): TI primary, Nexperia/onsemi second-source
  • MFR P/N (primary): SN74HC74N (DIP-14)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): DIP-14 (N), SOIC-14 (D), TSSOP-14 (PW)
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 1CLR IN
2 1D IN
3 1CLK IN
4 1PRE IN
5 1Q OUT
6 1Q_BAR OUT
7 GND power_in
8 2Q_BAR OUT
9 2Q OUT
10 2PRE IN
11 2CLK IN
12 2D IN
13 2CLR IN
14 VCC power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-14_W7.62mm
  • Description: Two positive-edge-triggered D flip-flops with asynchronous active-LOW preset and clear inputs.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2 V – 6 V; I_OH/I_OL ±5.2 mA at 4.5 V
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc74.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/SN74HC74
  • Notes: PRE and CLR are active-LOW and asynchronous; asserting both simultaneously is a forbidden state. Tie unused PRE/CLR HIGH.

SN74HC86 — Quad 2-input XOR gate

  • Manufacturer(s): TI primary, Nexperia/onsemi second-source
  • MFR P/N (primary): SN74HC86N (DIP-14)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): DIP-14 (N), SOIC-14 (D), TSSOP-14 (PW)
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 1A IN
2 1B IN
3 1Y OUT
4 2A IN
5 2B IN
6 2Y OUT
7 GND power_in
8 3Y OUT
9 3A IN
10 3B IN
11 4Y OUT
12 4A IN
13 4B IN
14 VCC power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-14_W7.62mm
  • Description: Four independent 2-input exclusive-OR gates. Output is HIGH when inputs differ.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2 V – 6 V; I_OH/I_OL ±5.2 mA at 4.5 V
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc86.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/SN74HC86
  • Notes: Useful as a controlled inverter (B=1 inverts A).

SN74HC138 — 3-to-8 line decoder/demultiplexer

  • Manufacturer(s): TI primary, Nexperia/onsemi second-source
  • MFR P/N (primary): SN74HC138N (DIP-16)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): DIP-16 (N), SOIC-16 (D), TSSOP-16 (PW)
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 A IN
2 B IN
3 C IN
4 G2A IN
5 G2B IN
6 G1 IN
7 Y7 OUT
8 GND power_in
9 Y6 OUT
10 Y5 OUT
11 Y4 OUT
12 Y3 OUT
13 Y2 OUT
14 Y1 OUT
15 Y0 OUT
16 VCC power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-16_W7.62mm
  • Description: 3-to-8 line decoder. Decodes a 3-bit address (A,B,C) to one of eight active-LOW outputs when enabled.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2 V – 6 V; I_OH/I_OL ±6 mA at 4.5 V
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc138.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/SN74HC138
  • Notes: Outputs are active-LOW. Enable requires G1=HIGH AND G2A=G2B=LOW; otherwise all outputs HIGH.

SN74HC139 — Dual 2-to-4 line decoder/demultiplexer

  • Manufacturer(s): TI primary, Nexperia/onsemi second-source
  • MFR P/N (primary): SN74HC139N (DIP-16)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): DIP-16 (N), SOIC-16 (D), TSSOP-16 (PW)
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 1G IN
2 1A IN
3 1B IN
4 1Y0 OUT
5 1Y1 OUT
6 1Y2 OUT
7 1Y3 OUT
8 GND power_in
9 2Y3 OUT
10 2Y2 OUT
11 2Y1 OUT
12 2Y0 OUT
13 2B IN
14 2A IN
15 2G IN
16 VCC power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-16_W7.62mm
  • Description: Two independent 2-to-4 line decoders, each with active-LOW enable.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2 V – 6 V; I_OH/I_OL ±6 mA at 4.5 V
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc139.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/SN74HC139
  • Notes: Outputs and enables active-LOW. When G is HIGH all four Y outputs are HIGH.

SN74HC151 — 8-to-1 data selector/multiplexer

  • Manufacturer(s): TI primary, Nexperia/onsemi second-source
  • MFR P/N (primary): SN74HC151N (DIP-16)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): DIP-16 (N), SOIC-16 (D), TSSOP-16 (PW)
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 D3 IN
2 D2 IN
3 D1 IN
4 D0 IN
5 Y OUT
6 W OUT
7 G IN
8 GND power_in
9 C IN
10 B IN
11 A IN
12 D7 IN
13 D6 IN
14 D5 IN
15 D4 IN
16 VCC power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-16_W7.62mm
  • Description: 8-input multiplexer with complementary outputs. Y is selected, W is inverted.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2 V – 6 V; I_OH/I_OL ±6 mA at 4.5 V
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc151.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/SN74HC151
  • Notes: Enable G is active-LOW; when G=HIGH, Y is forced LOW and W is HIGH.

SN74HC157 — Quad 2-to-1 data selector/multiplexer

  • Manufacturer(s): TI primary, Nexperia/onsemi second-source
  • MFR P/N (primary): SN74HC157N (DIP-16)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): DIP-16 (N), SOIC-16 (D), TSSOP-16 (PW)
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 A/B IN
2 1A IN
3 1B IN
4 1Y OUT
5 2A IN
6 2B IN
7 2Y OUT
8 GND power_in
9 3Y OUT
10 3B IN
11 3A IN
12 4Y OUT
13 4B IN
14 4A IN
15 G IN
16 VCC power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-16_W7.62mm
  • Description: Four 2-input multiplexers with common select and active-LOW enable. Non-inverting (use HC158 for inverting).
  • Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2 V – 6 V; I_OH/I_OL ±6 mA at 4.5 V
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc157.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/SN74HC157
  • Notes: Enable G is active-LOW; when G=HIGH all Y outputs are LOW.

SN74HC165 — 8-bit parallel-load shift register (parallel-to-serial)

  • Manufacturer(s): TI primary, Nexperia/onsemi second-source
  • MFR P/N (primary): SN74HC165N (DIP-16)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): DIP-16 (N), SOIC-16 (D), TSSOP-16 (PW)
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 SH/LD IN
2 CLK IN
3 E IN
4 F IN
5 G IN
6 H IN
7 QH_BAR OUT
8 GND power_in
9 QH OUT
10 SER IN
11 A IN
12 B IN
13 C IN
14 D IN
15 CLK_INH IN
16 VCC power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-16_W7.62mm
  • Description: 8-bit parallel-load shift register. SH/LD LOW loads A–H; HIGH shifts toward QH on each rising clock edge.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2 V – 6 V; I_OH/I_OL ±6 mA at 4.5 V
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc165.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/SN74HC165
  • Notes: CLK_INH must be LOW to enable clocking. SH/LD is asynchronous parallel load — hold HIGH during shifting.

SN74HC174 — Hex D-type flip-flop with common clock and clear

  • Manufacturer(s): TI primary, Nexperia/onsemi second-source
  • MFR P/N (primary): SN74HC174N (DIP-16)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): DIP-16 (N), SOIC-16 (D), TSSOP-16 (PW)
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 CLR IN
2 1Q OUT
3 1D IN
4 2D IN
5 2Q OUT
6 3D IN
7 3Q OUT
8 GND power_in
9 CLK IN
10 4Q OUT
11 4D IN
12 5Q OUT
13 5D IN
14 6D IN
15 6Q OUT
16 VCC power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-16_W7.62mm
  • Description: Six positive-edge-triggered D flip-flops with common clock and common asynchronous active-LOW clear.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2 V – 6 V; I_OH/I_OL ±6 mA at 4.5 V
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc174.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/SN74HC174
  • Notes: CLR active-LOW and asynchronous — tie HIGH if unused. No Q_bar outputs.

SN74HC273 — Octal D-type flip-flop with common clock and clear

  • Manufacturer(s): TI primary, Nexperia/onsemi second-source
  • MFR P/N (primary): SN74HC273N (DIP-20)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): DIP-20 (N), SOIC-20 (DW), TSSOP-20 (PW)
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 CLR IN
2 1Q OUT
3 1D IN
4 2D IN
5 2Q OUT
6 3Q OUT
7 3D IN
8 4D IN
9 4Q OUT
10 GND power_in
11 CLK IN
12 5Q OUT
13 5D IN
14 6D IN
15 6Q OUT
16 7Q OUT
17 7D IN
18 8D IN
19 8Q OUT
20 VCC power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-20_W7.62mm
  • Description: Eight D flip-flops sharing common clock and async active-LOW clear.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2 V – 6 V; I_OH/I_OL ±6 mA at 4.5 V
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc273.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/SN74HC273
  • Notes: No output-enable — outputs always driven (not bus-compatible without external buffer).

SN74HC541 — Octal buffer/line driver with 3-state outputs

  • Manufacturer(s): TI primary, Nexperia/onsemi second-source
  • MFR P/N (primary): SN74HC541N (DIP-20)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): DIP-20 (N), SOIC-20 (DW), SSOP-20 (DB), TSSOP-20 (PW)
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 OE1 IN
2 A1 IN
3 A2 IN
4 A3 IN
5 A4 IN
6 A5 IN
7 A6 IN
8 A7 IN
9 A8 IN
10 GND power_in
11 Y8 OUT
12 Y7 OUT
13 Y6 OUT
14 Y5 OUT
15 Y4 OUT
16 Y3 OUT
17 Y2 OUT
18 Y1 OUT
19 OE2 IN
20 VCC power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-20_W7.62mm
  • Description: Octal non-inverting buffer with 3-state outputs. Drives Y=A when both active-LOW OEs are asserted; otherwise Hi-Z.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2 V – 6 V; I_OH/I_OL ±7.8 mA at 4.5 V
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc541.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/SN74HC541
  • Notes: Both OE1 AND OE2 must be LOW to enable outputs. Inputs and outputs on opposite sides for clean PCB layout.

SN74HC595 — 8-bit serial-in/parallel-out shift register with output latch

  • Manufacturer(s): TI primary, Nexperia/onsemi second-source
  • MFR P/N (primary): SN74HC595N (DIP-16)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): DIP-16 (N), SOIC-16 (D), TSSOP-16 (PW)
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 QB OUT
2 QC OUT
3 QD OUT
4 QE OUT
5 QF OUT
6 QG OUT
7 QH OUT
8 GND power_in
9 QH_PRIME OUT
10 SRCLR IN
11 SRCLK IN
12 RCLK IN
13 OE IN
14 SER IN
15 QA OUT
16 VCC power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-16_W7.62mm
  • Description: 8-bit serial-in shift register feeding an 8-bit storage register with 3-state parallel outputs. Daisy-chainable via QH'.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_CC 2 V – 6 V; I_OH/I_OL ±6 mA at 4.5 V (±35 mA absolute max per output)
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74hc595.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/SN74HC595
  • Notes: SRCLK shifts data; RCLK transfers shift→storage. SRCLR active-LOW (clears shift register only). OE active-LOW for parallel outputs. Tie SRCLR HIGH and OE LOW for typical use.

Op-Amps

LM358 — Dual single-supply low-power bipolar op-amp

  • Manufacturer(s): TI (primary), onsemi, STMicroelectronics, Diodes Inc.
  • MFR P/N (primary): LM358P (DIP-8)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): PDIP-8, SOIC-8, TSSOP-8, VSSOP-8
  • Pin map (primary package — PDIP-8):
Pin Name Direction
1 OUT1 OUT
2 IN1_NEG IN
3 IN1_POS IN
4 V_GND power_in
5 IN2_POS IN
6 IN2_NEG IN
7 OUT2 OUT
8 V_POS power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-8_W7.62mm
  • Description: Dual bipolar op-amp for single-supply operation with inputs that include ground. GBW ~1.1 MHz, NOT rail-to-rail.
  • Operating voltage / current: 3 V to 32 V single (or ±1.5 V to ±16 V split); Iq ~0.7 mA total; Vos ~2 mV typ, 7 mV max.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm358.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/LM358 (TINA-TI model)
  • Notes: Single-supply OK (input CM includes ground). NOT rail-to-rail. Crossover distortion in Class-B output stage — pull output to V- with resistor for audio.

LM324 — Quad single-supply low-power bipolar op-amp

  • Manufacturer(s): TI (primary), onsemi, STMicroelectronics, Diodes Inc.
  • MFR P/N (primary): LM324N (DIP-14)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): PDIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14
  • Pin map (primary package — PDIP-14):
Pin Name Direction
1 OUT1 OUT
2 IN1_NEG IN
3 IN1_POS IN
4 V_POS power_in
5 IN2_POS IN
6 IN2_NEG IN
7 OUT2 OUT
8 OUT3 OUT
9 IN3_NEG IN
10 IN3_POS IN
11 V_GND power_in
12 IN4_POS IN
13 IN4_NEG IN
14 OUT4 OUT
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-14_W7.62mm
  • Description: Quad version of LM358 — bipolar, single-supply-capable. GBW ~1.2 MHz, NOT rail-to-rail.
  • Operating voltage / current: 3 V to 32 V single (or ±1.5 V to ±16 V split); Iq ~1.2 mA total; Vos ~2 mV typ, 7 mV max.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm324.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/LM324
  • Notes: V+ on pin 4, GND on pin 11 — opposite of TL074/quad-JFET pinout!

TL072 — Dual low-noise JFET-input op-amp

  • Manufacturer(s): TI (primary), onsemi, STMicroelectronics
  • MFR P/N (primary): TL072CP (DIP-8)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): PDIP-8, SOIC-8, TSSOP-8
  • Pin map (primary package — PDIP-8):
Pin Name Direction
1 OUT1 OUT
2 IN1_NEG IN
3 IN1_POS IN
4 V_NEG power_in
5 IN2_POS IN
6 IN2_NEG IN
7 OUT2 OUT
8 V_POS power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-8_W7.62mm
  • Description: Dual JFET-input op-amp, low noise, popular for audio. GBW ~3 MHz, slew rate 13 V/µs.
  • Operating voltage / current: ±2.25 V to ±18 V split, or 4.5 V to 36 V single; Iq ~1.4 mA/ch; Vos ~3 mV typ, 10 mV max.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tl072.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/TL072
  • Notes: JFET inputs — ultra-high Zin (~10¹² Ω), low bias (~30 pA). Output cannot reach rails (~1.5 V headroom). Watch for phase reversal if input exceeds CM range (TL072H is phase-reversal-free).

TL074 — Quad low-noise JFET-input op-amp

  • Manufacturer(s): TI (primary), onsemi, STMicroelectronics
  • MFR P/N (primary): TL074CN (DIP-14)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): PDIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14
  • Pin map (primary package — PDIP-14):
Pin Name Direction
1 OUT1 OUT
2 IN1_NEG IN
3 IN1_POS IN
4 V_POS power_in
5 IN2_POS IN
6 IN2_NEG IN
7 OUT2 OUT
8 OUT3 OUT
9 IN3_NEG IN
10 IN3_POS IN
11 V_NEG power_in
12 IN4_POS IN
13 IN4_NEG IN
14 OUT4 OUT
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-14_W7.62mm
  • Description: Quad version of TL072 — JFET-input, audio-grade. GBW ~3 MHz, slew rate 13 V/µs.
  • Operating voltage / current: ±2.25 V to ±18 V split or 4.5–36 V single; Iq ~1.4 mA/ch (~5.6 mA total); Vos ~3 mV typ.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tl074.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/TL074
  • Notes: Standard quad pinout (V+ pin 4, V- pin 11). Use TL074H variant for phase-reversal-free operation.

LM741 — Classic single bipolar op-amp

  • Manufacturer(s): TI (primary), onsemi, STMicroelectronics
  • MFR P/N (primary): LM741CN (DIP-8)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): PDIP-8, CDIP-8, TO-99 metal can
  • Pin map (primary package — PDIP-8):
Pin Name Direction
1 OFFSET_N1 IN
2 IN_NEG IN
3 IN_POS IN
4 V_NEG power_in
5 OFFSET_N2 IN
6 OUT OUT
7 V_POS power_in
8 NC —
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-8_W7.62mm
  • Description: Classic 1968 single bipolar op-amp. GBW ~1 MHz, slew 0.5 V/µs. Split-supply only.
  • Operating voltage / current: ±5 V to ±18 V; Iq ~1.7 mA; Vos ~1 mV typ, 6 mV max.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm741.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/LM741 (generic 741 macromodel widely available)
  • Notes: Legacy / educational. Avoid for new designs; choose TL07x or LM358.

MCP6002 — Dual 1 MHz rail-to-rail CMOS op-amp

  • Manufacturer(s): Microchip (sole source)
  • MFR P/N (primary): MCP6002-I/P (DIP-8)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8, TDFN-8
  • Pin map (primary package — PDIP-8):
Pin Name Direction
1 OUT1 OUT
2 IN1_NEG IN
3 IN1_POS IN
4 VSS power_in
5 IN2_POS IN
6 IN2_NEG IN
7 OUT2 OUT
8 VDD power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-8_W7.62mm
  • Description: Dual CMOS rail-to-rail input AND output op-amp. GBW 1 MHz, slew 0.6 V/µs.
  • Operating voltage / current: 1.8 V to 6.0 V single; Iq ~100 µA/ch; Vos ±4.5 mV max.
  • Datasheet URL: https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/MCP6001-1R-1U-2-4-1.3-MHz-Low-Power-Op-Amp-DS20001733L.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.microchip.com/en-us/product/MCP6002 (Mindi/SPICE model)
  • Notes: True rail-to-rail in & out. Pin-compatible with LM358 footprint.

OPA2134 — Dual audio FET-input op-amp

  • Manufacturer(s): TI / Burr-Brown (primary, sole source)
  • MFR P/N (primary): OPA2134PA (DIP-8)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): PDIP-8, SOIC-8
  • Pin map (primary package — PDIP-8):
Pin Name Direction
1 OUT1 OUT
2 IN1_NEG IN
3 IN1_POS IN
4 V_NEG power_in
5 IN2_POS IN
6 IN2_NEG IN
7 OUT2 OUT
8 V_POS power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-8_W7.62mm
  • Description: Premium dual FET-input audio op-amp. GBW 8 MHz, slew 20 V/µs, THD+N 0.00008%.
  • Operating voltage / current: ±2.5 V to ±18 V split; Iq ~4 mA/ch; Vos ±0.5 mV typ, ±2 mV max.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/opa2134.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/OPA2134
  • Notes: Audiophile-grade — extremely low THD. Phase-reversal-free input stage. Pin-compatible with TL072/NE5532.

LMV358 — Dual low-voltage bipolar op-amp

  • Manufacturer(s): TI (primary), onsemi, STMicroelectronics, Diodes Inc.
  • MFR P/N (primary): LMV358IDR (SOIC-8)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): SOIC-8, VSSOP-8, TSSOP-8 (no current PDIP-8 from TI)
  • Pin map (primary package — SOIC-8):
Pin Name Direction
1 OUT1 OUT
2 IN1_NEG IN
3 IN1_POS IN
4 V_GND power_in
5 IN2_POS IN
6 IN2_NEG IN
7 OUT2 OUT
8 V_POS power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_SO:SOIC-8_3.9x4.9mm_P1.27mm (VERIFY: no through-hole variant stocked by TI; DIP-8 footprint can be used with compatible second-source if needed)
  • Description: Low-voltage single-supply variant of LM358 family. GBW ~1 MHz.
  • Operating voltage / current: 2.7 V to 5.5 V single; Iq ~210 µA/ch; Vos ±1.7 mV typ.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lmv358.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/LMV358
  • Notes: NOT true rail-to-rail (within ~50 mV of V- only). Same pinout as LM358 — drop-in for low-voltage designs.

Comparators

LM339 — Quad open-collector differential comparator, single-supply

  • Manufacturer(s): Texas Instruments (primary); onsemi, STMicroelectronics (second-source)
  • MFR P/N (primary): LM339N
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): PDIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14, SSOP-14, WQFN-16
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 OUT2 OUT
2 OUT1 OUT
3 VCC power_in
4 IN1_NEG IN
5 IN1_POS IN
6 IN2_NEG IN
7 IN2_POS IN
8 IN3_NEG IN
9 IN3_POS IN
10 IN4_NEG IN
11 IN4_POS IN
12 GND power_in
13 OUT4 OUT
14 OUT3 OUT
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-14_W7.62mm
  • Description: Quad differential comparator with open-collector outputs. Input CM range includes ground.
  • Operating voltage / current: VCC 2 V to 30 V single or ±1 V to ±15 V split; output sink up to 16 mA typ; supply current ~1 mA @ 5 V.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/gpn/lm339
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/lit/zip/slcj010 (PSpice)
  • Notes: Open-collector — requires external pull-up. Outputs wire-OR-able.

TLV3401 — Single nanopower open-drain CMOS comparator, rail-to-rail input

  • Manufacturer(s): Texas Instruments (primary; sole source)
  • MFR P/N (primary): TLV3401IDBVR
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): SOT-23-5 (DBV), SOIC-8 (D), PDIP-8 (P)
  • Pin map (primary package — SOT-23-5):
Pin Name Direction
1 OUT OUT
2 GND power_in
3 IN_POS IN
4 IN_NEG IN
5 VCC power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_SMD:SOT-23-5
  • Description: Single nanopower comparator with open-drain CMOS output. Inputs tolerate VCC+5 V above the positive rail.
  • Operating voltage / current: VCC 2.5 V to 16 V (2.7 V min over industrial); 470 nA typ; open-drain output.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/gpn/tlv3401
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/lit/zip/sbom412
  • Notes: Requires external pull-up resistor on output. Rail-to-rail (and beyond) input CM.

LM311 — Single high-speed open-collector comparator with strobe and balance

  • Manufacturer(s): Texas Instruments (primary); onsemi, STMicroelectronics (second-source)
  • MFR P/N (primary): LM311P
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): PDIP-8, SOIC-8, TSSOP-8
  • Pin map (primary package — PDIP-8):
Pin Name Direction
1 EMIT_OUT OUT
2 IN_POS IN
3 IN_NEG IN
4 VCC_NEG power_in
5 BALANCE IN
6 BAL/STRB IN
7 COL_OUT OUT
8 VCC_POS power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-8_W7.62mm
  • Description: Single high-speed (165 ns) differential comparator with independently accessible open-collector and emitter outputs, plus strobe.
  • Operating voltage / current: VCC+ − VCC- = 3.5 V to 30 V; output sink 50 mA at up to 50 V at COL OUT; supply ~5.4 mA typ.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/gpn/lm311
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/lit/zip/slcm011
  • Notes: Open-collector COL OUT — requires external pull-up. Pull BAL/STRB low to disable output. Inputs limited to within ±15 V of supply midpoint.

Voltage Regulators

LM7805 — Fixed +5V positive linear regulator, 1A

  • Manufacturer(s): Texas Instruments (primary), STMicroelectronics, onsemi
  • MFR P/N (primary): LM7805CT (TI, TO-220) / L7805CV (ST)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): TO-220 (3-pin), TO-263 (D2PAK), TO-252 (DPAK)
  • Pin map (primary package — TO-220):
Pin Name Direction
1 INPUT power_in
2 GND power_in
3 OUTPUT power_out
  • KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-220-3_Vertical
  • Description: Classic fixed positive linear regulator. Non-LDO (~2V dropout).
  • Operating voltage / current: V_in max 35V, V_out 5.0V ±4%, I_out max 1.5A (typ. 1A continuous), dropout ~2.0V.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm340.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/LM340
  • Notes: Requires 0.33µF input and 0.1µF output cap close to pins. Heatsink above ~500mA. Tab is GND.

LM7812 — Fixed +12V positive linear regulator, 1A

  • Manufacturer(s): Texas Instruments, STMicroelectronics, onsemi
  • MFR P/N (primary): LM7812CT (TI, TO-220) / L7812CV (ST)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): TO-220 (3-pin), TO-263, TO-252
  • Pin map (primary package — TO-220):
Pin Name Direction
1 INPUT power_in
2 GND power_in
3 OUTPUT power_out
  • KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-220-3_Vertical
  • Description: Fixed positive linear regulator, +12V variant of 78xx. Non-LDO.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_in max 35V, V_out 12.0V ±4%, I_out max 1.5A, dropout ~2.0V (V_in ≥ ~14.5V).
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm340.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/LM340
  • Notes: Tab is GND.

LM7905 — Fixed -5V NEGATIVE linear regulator, 1A

  • Manufacturer(s): Texas Instruments, STMicroelectronics, onsemi
  • MFR P/N (primary): LM7905CT (TI, TO-220) / L7905CV (ST)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): TO-220 (3-pin), TO-263
  • Pin map (primary package — TO-220) — different from 78xx:
Pin Name Direction
1 GND power_in
2 INPUT power_in
3 OUTPUT power_out
  • KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-220-3_Vertical
  • Description: Fixed negative linear regulator (79xx family). Non-LDO. Pinout differs from 78xx.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_in max -35V, V_out -5.0V ±4%, I_out max 1.5A, dropout ~1.1V typ.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm7905.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/LM7905
  • Notes: DO NOT swap footprints with 78xx. Requires 2.2µF tantalum input and 1µF tantalum output. Tab is INPUT (not GND).

LM317 — Adjustable +1.25V to +37V positive regulator, 1.5A

  • Manufacturer(s): Texas Instruments, STMicroelectronics, onsemi
  • MFR P/N (primary): LM317T (TI, TO-220)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): TO-220, TO-263, TO-252, SOT-223 (LM317L variants)
  • Pin map (primary package — TO-220):
Pin Name Direction
1 ADJ IN
2 OUTPUT power_out
3 INPUT power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-220-3_Vertical
  • Description: Three-terminal adjustable positive regulator. V_out = 1.25V × (1 + R2/R1) + I_ADJ × R2.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_in − V_out max 40V, V_out 1.25–37V, I_out max 1.5A, dropout ~2.0V.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm317.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/LM317
  • Notes: R1 typically 240Ω; min load ~10mA. Tab is OUTPUT — isolation required when heatsinking.

LM337 — Adjustable -1.25V to -37V NEGATIVE regulator, 1.5A

  • Manufacturer(s): Texas Instruments, STMicroelectronics, onsemi
  • MFR P/N (primary): LM337T (TI, TO-220)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): TO-220, TO-263
  • Pin map (primary package — TO-220) — different from LM317:
Pin Name Direction
1 ADJ IN
2 INPUT power_in
3 OUTPUT power_out
  • KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-220-3_Vertical
  • Description: Three-terminal adjustable negative regulator — counterpart to LM317.
  • Operating voltage / current: |V_in − V_out| max 40V, V_out -1.25 to -37V, I_out max 1.5A, dropout ~2.0V.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm337.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/LM337
  • Notes: Pin 2 = INPUT, pin 3 = OUTPUT — opposite of LM317. R1 typically 120Ω. Tab is INPUT.

AMS1117_33 — Fixed +3.3V 1A LDO regulator (SOT-223)

  • Manufacturer(s): Advanced Monolithic Systems (primary), Diodes Inc. (AP1117), HTC Korea
  • MFR P/N (primary): AMS1117-3.3 (SOT-223)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): SOT-223 (3-pin + tab), TO-252 (DPAK)
  • Pin map (primary package — SOT-223):
Pin Name Direction
1 GND power_in
2 OUTPUT power_out
3 INPUT power_in
4 (tab) OUTPUT power_out
  • KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_SMD:SOT-223-3_TabPin2
  • Description: LDO fixed +3.3V positive linear regulator. Popular in 5V→3.3V level conversion for MCU/Wi-Fi modules.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_in max 15V, V_out 3.3V ±1.5%, I_out max 1A, dropout 1.1V typ @ 800mA.
  • Datasheet URL: http://www.advanced-monolithic.com/pdf/ds1117.pdf
  • SPICE model: (generic LDO model required)
  • Notes: Requires 10µF tantalum (or 22µF ceramic) on both input and output. Tab is OUTPUT — large copper pour required.

AMS1117_50 — Fixed +5V 1A LDO regulator (SOT-223)

  • Manufacturer(s): Advanced Monolithic Systems (primary), Diodes Inc., HTC Korea
  • MFR P/N (primary): AMS1117-5.0 (SOT-223)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): SOT-223, TO-252
  • Pin map (primary package — SOT-223):
Pin Name Direction
1 GND power_in
2 OUTPUT power_out
3 INPUT power_in
4 (tab) OUTPUT power_out
  • KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_SMD:SOT-223-3_TabPin2
  • Description: LDO fixed +5V positive linear regulator.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_in max 15V (V_in ≥ ~6.1V for regulation), V_out 5.0V ±1.5%, I_out max 1A, dropout 1.1V typ @ 800mA.
  • Datasheet URL: http://www.advanced-monolithic.com/pdf/ds1117.pdf
  • SPICE model: (generic LDO model required)
  • Notes: Same caveats as AMS1117_33. Tab tied to OUTPUT.

LP2950 — Micropower +5V (fixed) LDO regulator, 100mA

  • Manufacturer(s): Texas Instruments (primary, ex-National Semiconductor), onsemi
  • MFR P/N (primary): LP2950ACZ-5.0 (TO-92)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): TO-92, TO-252/DPAK, SO-8 (LP2951 adj.)
  • Pin map (primary package — TO-92):
Pin Name Direction
1 INPUT power_in
2 GND power_in
3 OUTPUT power_out
  • KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-92_Inline
  • Description: Micropower fixed +5V LDO with ~75µA quiescent. Designed for battery-powered applications.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_in max 30V, V_out 5.0V ±0.5% (A-grade), I_out max 100mA, dropout 380mV typ @ 100mA, I_q ~75µA.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lp2950.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/LP2950
  • Notes: Requires 1µF tantalum (or ≥2.2µF ceramic with ESR 0.1–6Ω) on output for stability — ESR-sensitive. For adjustable variant use LP2951.

Transistors

BC547 — NPN BJT, general-purpose small-signal, 100 mA, 45 V

  • Manufacturer(s): onsemi (primary); Diotec, Nexperia
  • MFR P/N (primary): BC547B
  • Refdes prefix: Q
  • Package(s): TO-92 (3-pin); SMD equivalent BC847 (SOT-23)
  • Pin map (primary package — TO-92, viewed from flat side):
Pin Name Direction
1 Collector IN
2 Base IN
3 Emitter OUT
  • KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-92_Inline
  • Description: General-purpose NPN BJT for low-power switching and audio-frequency amplification. European CBE pinout.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_CEO 45 V, V_CBO 50 V, I_C 100 mA, P_tot 500 mW; h_FE 200–450 (B grade), f_T 300 MHz.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.onsemi.com/pdf/datasheet/bc547-d.pdf
  • SPICE model: onsemi PSpice library
  • Notes: CBE pinout — opposite of 2N3904 (EBC). Complementary PNP is BC557.

BC557 — PNP BJT, general-purpose small-signal, 100 mA, 45 V

  • Manufacturer(s): onsemi (primary); Diotec, Nexperia
  • MFR P/N (primary): BC557B
  • Refdes prefix: Q
  • Package(s): TO-92; SMD equivalent BC857 (SOT-23)
  • Pin map (primary package — TO-92, from flat):
Pin Name Direction
1 Collector OUT
2 Base IN
3 Emitter IN
  • KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-92_Inline
  • Description: General-purpose PNP BJT, complementary to BC547.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_CEO −45 V, V_CBO −50 V, V_EBO −5 V, I_C −100 mA, P_tot 500 mW; h_FE 200–450, f_T 150 MHz.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.onsemi.com/pdf/datasheet/bc556bta-d.pdf
  • SPICE model: onsemi PSpice library
  • Notes: Same CBE pinout as BC547.

Q2N3904 — NPN BJT, general-purpose small-signal, 200 mA, 40 V

  • Manufacturer(s): onsemi (primary); Diodes Inc., Central Semiconductor
  • MFR P/N (primary): 2N3904BU
  • Refdes prefix: Q
  • Package(s): TO-92; SMD equivalent MMBT3904 (SOT-23)
  • Pin map (primary package — TO-92, from flat):
Pin Name Direction
1 Emitter OUT
2 Base IN
3 Collector IN
  • KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-92_Inline
  • Description: Industry-standard small-signal NPN. JEDEC EBC pinout from flat.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_CEO 40 V, V_CBO 60 V, I_C 200 mA, P_tot 625 mW; h_FE 100–300, f_T 300 MHz.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.onsemi.com/download/data-sheet/pdf/2n3903-d.pdf
  • SPICE model: onsemi PSpice library
  • Notes: EBC pinout — NOT pin-compatible with BC547 (CBE).

Q2N3906 — PNP BJT, general-purpose small-signal, 200 mA, 40 V

  • Manufacturer(s): onsemi (primary); Diodes Inc., Central Semiconductor
  • MFR P/N (primary): 2N3906BU
  • Refdes prefix: Q
  • Package(s): TO-92; SMD equivalent MMBT3906 (SOT-23)
  • Pin map (primary package — TO-92, from flat):
Pin Name Direction
1 Emitter IN
2 Base IN
3 Collector OUT
  • KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-92_Inline
  • Description: Industry-standard small-signal PNP, complementary to 2N3904. JEDEC EBC.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_CEO −40 V, V_CBO −40 V, V_EBO −5 V, I_C −200 mA, P_tot 625 mW; h_FE 100–300, f_T 250 MHz.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.onsemi.com/download/data-sheet/pdf/2n3906-d.pdf
  • SPICE model: onsemi PSpice library
  • Notes: Same EBC pinout as 2N3904.

Q2N2222 — NPN BJT, medium-power switching, 800 mA, 40 V

  • Manufacturer(s): onsemi (P2N2222A in TO-92); Central Semiconductor (2N2222A in TO-18 metal can)
  • MFR P/N (primary): P2N2222A (TO-92) / 2N2222A (TO-18)
  • Refdes prefix: Q
  • Package(s): TO-92 (P2N2222A); TO-18 metal can (original); SMD PMBT2222A (SOT-23)
  • Pin map (P2N2222A TO-92, from flat):
Pin Name Direction
1 Emitter OUT
2 Base IN
3 Collector IN
  • KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-92_Inline (P2N2222A); Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-18-3 (original TO-18 can)
  • Description: Classic medium-power NPN switching transistor.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_CEO 40 V, V_CBO 75 V, I_C 800 mA continuous (1 A peak), P_tot 625 mW (TO-92); h_FE 50–300, f_T 300 MHz.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.onsemi.com/pdf/datasheet/p2n2222a-d.pdf
  • SPICE model: onsemi PSpice library
  • Notes: TO-92 P2N2222A is EBC; original TO-18 can has its own pin order — verify package variant.

Q2N7000 — N-channel MOSFET, small-signal, 200 mA, 60 V

  • Manufacturer(s): onsemi (primary); Diodes Inc., Microchip
  • MFR P/N (primary): 2N7000
  • Refdes prefix: Q
  • Package(s): TO-92; SMD equivalent 2N7002 (SOT-23)
  • Pin map (primary package — TO-92, from flat):
Pin Name Direction
1 Source OUT
2 Gate IN
3 Drain IN
  • KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-92_Inline
  • Description: Small-signal N-channel enhancement-mode MOSFET for logic-level switching.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_DS 60 V, V_GS ±20 V, I_D 200 mA continuous, R_DS(on) 5 Ω @ V_GS=10 V; V_GS(th) 0.8–3.0 V; P_D 400 mW.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.onsemi.com/download/data-sheet/pdf/2n7000-d.pdf
  • SPICE model: onsemi PSpice library
  • Notes: Logic-level gate. ESD-sensitive — no internal gate protection.

BS170 — N-channel MOSFET, small-signal, 500 mA, 60 V

  • Manufacturer(s): onsemi (primary); Diodes Inc.
  • MFR P/N (primary): BS170
  • Refdes prefix: Q
  • Package(s): TO-92; SMD equivalent MMBF170 (SOT-23)
  • Pin map (primary package — TO-92, from flat):
Pin Name Direction
1 Drain IN
2 Gate IN
3 Source OUT
  • KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-92_Inline
  • Description: Small-signal N-channel MOSFET, similar to 2N7000 but mirrored pinout (D-G-S vs S-G-D).
  • Operating voltage / current: V_DS 60 V, V_GS ±20 V, I_D 500 mA continuous, R_DS(on) 5 Ω @ V_GS=10 V; V_GS(th) 0.8–3.0 V (typ 2.0 V); P_D 830 mW.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.mouser.com/datasheet/2/308/BS170_D-1803008.pdf
  • SPICE model: onsemi PSpice library
  • Notes: NOT pin-compatible with 2N7000 despite similar specs. ESD-sensitive.

IRLB8721 — Logic-level N-channel power MOSFET, 62 A, 30 V

  • Manufacturer(s): Infineon (primary)
  • MFR P/N (primary): IRLB8721PBF
  • Refdes prefix: Q
  • Package(s): TO-220AB (3 pin + tab)
  • Pin map (primary package — TO-220, front view):
Pin Name Direction
1 Gate IN
2 Drain (= tab) IN
3 Source OUT
tab Drain IN
  • KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-220-3_Vertical (or TO-220-3_Horizontal_TabDown for heatsinked)
  • Description: Logic-level HEXFET — fully enhanced at V_GS=4.5V, directly drivable from 5V or 3.3V MCU pins.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_DS 30V, V_GS ±20V, I_D 62A @ T_C=25°C, R_DS(on) 8.7mΩ max @ V_GS=4.5V (6.5mΩ typ); V_GS(th) 1.35–2.35V; P_D 65W.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.infineon.com/dgdl/irlb8721pbf.pdf?fileId=5546d462533600a40153566056732591
  • SPICE model: https://www.infineon.com/cms/en/product/power/mosfet/n-channel/irlb8721pbf/
  • Notes: Tab is Drain — isolate from grounded heatsinks. Logic-level gate.

IRFZ44N — Standard-gate N-channel power MOSFET, 49 A, 55 V

  • Manufacturer(s): Infineon (primary); Vishay
  • MFR P/N (primary): IRFZ44NPBF
  • Refdes prefix: Q
  • Package(s): TO-220AB
  • Pin map (primary package — TO-220, front view):
Pin Name Direction
1 Gate IN
2 Drain (= tab) IN
3 Source OUT
tab Drain IN
  • KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-220-3_Vertical
  • Description: Workhorse standard-threshold N-channel HEXFET for medium-voltage power switching.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_DS 55V, V_GS ±20V, I_D 49A @ T_C=25°C, R_DS(on) 17.5mΩ max @ V_GS=10V; V_GS(th) 2.0–4.0V; P_D 94W.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.infineon.com/dgdl/Infineon-IRFZ44N-DataSheet-v01_01-EN.pdf?fileId=5546d462533600a40153563b3a9f220d
  • SPICE model: Infineon "Simulation Models" tab
  • Notes: NOT logic-level — V_GS(th) up to 4V; cannot be driven from 3.3V MCU. Use a gate driver or pick IRLB8721/IRLZ44N.

TIP120 — NPN Darlington power transistor, 5 A, 60 V

  • Manufacturer(s): onsemi (primary); STMicroelectronics, Diotec
  • MFR P/N (primary): TIP120
  • Refdes prefix: Q
  • Package(s): TO-220AB
  • Pin map (primary package — TO-220, front view):
Pin Name Direction
1 Base IN
2 Collector (= tab) IN
3 Emitter OUT
tab Collector IN
  • KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-220-3_Vertical
  • Description: Monolithic NPN Darlington with integrated B-E shunt resistors. Drives inductive loads from logic-level signals.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_CEO 60V, V_CBO 60V, V_EBO 5V, I_C 5A continuous (8A peak), P_D 65W; h_FE 1000 min @ I_C=3A, V_CE(sat) 2V typ / 4V max @ I_C=5A.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.onsemi.com/pdf/datasheet/tip120-d.pdf
  • SPICE model: onsemi PSpice library
  • Notes: High V_CE(sat) — heatsink required above ~1A. TIP121/122 are pin-compatible higher-V versions; PNP complement TIP125/126/127.

Diodes

D1N4148 — Fast signal switching diode (100V / 200mA, DO-35)

  • Manufacturer(s): onsemi (primary), Vishay, Diotec, NXP
  • MFR P/N (primary): 1N4148 (DO-35)
  • Refdes prefix: D
  • Package(s): DO-35 (glass axial)
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 Anode IN
2 Cathode OUT
  • KiCad footprint: Diode_THT:D_DO-35_SOD27_P7.62mm_Horizontal
  • Description: Small-signal, high-speed switching diode. Industry-standard general-purpose signal diode.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_R max = 100V; I_F avg = 200mA; V_F typ ≈ 0.7V @ 10mA; t_rr ≈ 4ns.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.onsemi.com/pdf/datasheet/1n4148-d.pdf
  • SPICE model: generic 1N4148 SPICE model widely available
  • Notes: Cathode marked with band. Not for power rectification.

D1N4001 — 50V / 1A general-purpose rectifier (DO-41)

  • Manufacturer(s): onsemi (primary), Vishay, Diotec
  • MFR P/N (primary): 1N4001 (DO-41)
  • Refdes prefix: D
  • Package(s): DO-41 (axial)
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 Anode IN
2 Cathode OUT
  • KiCad footprint: Diode_THT:D_DO-41_SOD81_P10.16mm_Horizontal
  • Description: Low-voltage general-purpose silicon rectifier.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_R max = 50V; I_F avg = 1A; V_F typ ≈ 1.0V @ 1A; I_FSM = 30A.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.onsemi.com/pdf/datasheet/1n4001-d.pdf
  • SPICE model: generic 1N4001 SPICE model widely available
  • Notes: Same DO-41 package as 1N4007 but only 50V reverse — do not substitute upward without checking. Slow recovery (~30µs).

D1N4007 — 1000V / 1A general-purpose rectifier (DO-41)

  • Manufacturer(s): onsemi (primary), Vishay, Diotec
  • MFR P/N (primary): 1N4007 (DO-41)
  • Refdes prefix: D
  • Package(s): DO-41
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 Anode IN
2 Cathode OUT
  • KiCad footprint: Diode_THT:D_DO-41_SOD81_P10.16mm_Horizontal
  • Description: High-voltage general-purpose silicon rectifier — default choice for mains rectification.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_R max = 1000V; I_F avg = 1A; V_F typ ≈ 1.0V @ 1A; I_FSM = 30A.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.onsemi.com/pdf/datasheet/1n4007-d.pdf
  • SPICE model: generic 1N4007 SPICE model widely available
  • Notes: Safe upward substitute for any 1N400x. Slow, not for SMPS.

D1N5817 — Schottky rectifier (20V / 1A, low V_F, DO-41)

  • Manufacturer(s): onsemi (primary), Vishay, Diotec
  • MFR P/N (primary): 1N5817 (DO-41)
  • Refdes prefix: D
  • Package(s): DO-41
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 Anode IN
2 Cathode OUT
  • KiCad footprint: Diode_THT:D_DO-41_SOD81_P10.16mm_Horizontal
  • Description: Schottky barrier rectifier with low V_F and fast switching.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_R max = 20V; I_F avg = 1A; V_F typ ≈ 0.45V @ 1A; I_FSM = 25A.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.onsemi.com/pdf/datasheet/1n5817-d.pdf
  • SPICE model: generic 1N5817 Schottky SPICE model widely available
  • Notes: Higher reverse leakage than silicon. For 30/40V use 1N5818/1N5819.

D1N4733A — Zener diode, 5.1V 1W (DO-41)

  • Manufacturer(s): onsemi (primary), Vishay, Diotec
  • MFR P/N (primary): 1N4733A (DO-41)
  • Refdes prefix: D
  • Package(s): DO-41
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 Anode IN
2 Cathode OUT
  • KiCad footprint: Diode_THT:D_DO-41_SOD81_P10.16mm_Horizontal
  • Description: 1W Zener voltage reference / regulator at 5.1V.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_Z = 5.1V @ I_ZT = 49mA; P_D = 1W; I_ZM ≈ 178mA; tolerance ±5% (A suffix).
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.onsemi.com/pdf/datasheet/1n4728a-d.pdf
  • SPICE model: generic 1N4733A Zener SPICE model widely available
  • Notes: Reverse-biased operation — cathode (band) to higher potential.

D1N4742A — Zener diode, 12V 1W (DO-41)

  • Manufacturer(s): onsemi (primary), Vishay, Diotec
  • MFR P/N (primary): 1N4742A (DO-41)
  • Refdes prefix: D
  • Package(s): DO-41
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 Anode IN
2 Cathode OUT
  • KiCad footprint: Diode_THT:D_DO-41_SOD81_P10.16mm_Horizontal
  • Description: 1W Zener voltage reference / regulator at 12V.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_Z = 12V @ I_ZT = 21mA; P_D = 1W; I_ZM ≈ 76mA; tolerance ±5%.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.onsemi.com/pdf/datasheet/1n4728a-d.pdf
  • SPICE model: generic 1N4742A Zener SPICE model widely available
  • Notes: Avalanche-dominated above ~5.6V — sharper knee than low-V Zeners.

Specialty ICs

NE555 — Precision astable/monostable timer IC

  • Manufacturer(s): Texas Instruments (primary); ON Semiconductor, ST, Diodes Inc.
  • MFR P/N (primary): NE555P (TI, PDIP-8)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): PDIP-8 (P), SOIC-8 (D), SO-8 (PS), TSSOP-8 (PW)
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 GND power_in
2 TRIG IN
3 OUT OUT
4 RESET IN
5 CONT IN/OUT
6 THRES IN
7 DISCH OUT (OC)
8 VCC power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-8_W7.62mm
  • Description: Classic bipolar precision timer. Output sinks/sources up to 200 mA.
  • Operating voltage / current: VCC 4.5 V to 16 V (SE555: up to 18 V); supply ~3 mA @ 5 V.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/ne555.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/NE555 (TI PSpice model: NE555.TSC)
  • Notes: Pin 5 (CONT) should be bypassed to GND with 10 nF when unused. Output not rail-to-rail. CMOS variants (TLC555/LMC555) for low power.

LM386 — Low-voltage audio power amplifier

  • Manufacturer(s): Texas Instruments (primary); JRC (NJM386), onsemi
  • MFR P/N (primary): LM386N-1 (TI, PDIP-8)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): PDIP-8 (N), SOIC-8 (M), VSSOP-8 (MM)
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 GAIN Passive
2 INPUT_NEG IN
3 INPUT_POS IN
4 GND power_in
5 VOUT OUT
6 VS power_in
7 BYPASS OUT
8 GAIN Passive
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-8_W7.62mm
  • Description: Low-voltage class-AB audio power amplifier. Fixed gain 20 (extendable to 200 by 10 µF between pins 1 and 8).
  • Operating voltage / current: VS 4 V to 12 V (LM386N-1/-3), 5 V to 18 V (LM386N-4); Iq ~4 mA.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm386.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/LM386
  • Notes: Add Zobel network (10 Ω + 50 nF) on VOUT. Pin 7 (BYPASS) decouple 10 µF. Notorious for oscillation if PCB layout is poor.

DS18B20 — 1-Wire programmable digital thermometer

  • Manufacturer(s): Analog Devices (Maxim Integrated, primary)
  • MFR P/N (primary): DS18B20+ (TO-92)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): TO-92 (3-pin), SO-8, µSOP-8
  • Pin map (primary package, TO-92, flat side facing you):
Pin Name Direction
1 GND power_in
2 DQ BIDIR
3 VDD power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-92_Inline
  • Description: 1-Wire digital thermometer, -55 to +125 °C with ±0.5 °C accuracy from -10 to +85 °C; user-selectable 9–12-bit resolution. Each chip has unique 64-bit ROM ID.
  • Operating voltage / current: VDD 3.0 V to 5.5 V; active 1.0 mA typ, standby 750 nA typ.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/DS18B20.pdf
  • SPICE model: (generic model required)
  • Notes: DQ requires a 4.7 kΩ pull-up to VDD. Conversion up to 750 ms at 12-bit. Counterfeits widespread; genuine parts have "+" suffix.

DS1307 — I²C real-time clock with 56-byte NV RAM

  • Manufacturer(s): Analog Devices (Maxim Integrated, primary)
  • MFR P/N (primary): DS1307+ (PDIP-8)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): PDIP-8, SO-8
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 X1 IN (xtal)
2 X2 OUT (xtal)
3 VBAT power_in
4 GND power_in
5 SDA BIDIR
6 SCL IN
7 SQW/OUT OUT (OD)
8 VCC power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-8_W7.62mm
  • Description: BCD real-time clock/calendar with 56 bytes of battery-backed SRAM. I²C up to 100 kHz, fixed address 0x68.
  • Operating voltage / current: VCC 4.5–5.5 V; VBAT 2.0–3.5 V; active 1.5 mA max; timekeeping on VBAT 500 nA typ.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/DS1307.pdf
  • SPICE model: (generic model required)
  • Notes: External 32.768 kHz crystal with 12.5 pF load; do NOT add loading caps. SDA/SCL need external pull-ups (~4.7 kΩ). DS3231 is the recommended upgrade. SQW/OUT is open-drain.

MAX7219 — Serial-input 8-digit common-cathode LED display driver

  • Manufacturer(s): Analog Devices (Maxim Integrated, primary)
  • MFR P/N (primary): MAX7219CNG+ (PDIP-24 wide)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): PDIP-24 wide (15.24 mm row spacing), SO-24 wide (WG), SSOP-24 (EWG)
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 DIN IN
2 DIG 0 OUT
3 DIG 4 OUT
4 GND power_in
5 DIG 6 OUT
6 DIG 2 OUT
7 DIG 3 OUT
8 DIG 7 OUT
9 GND power_in
10 DIG 5 OUT
11 DIG 1 OUT
12 LOAD IN
13 CLK IN
14 SEG A OUT
15 SEG F OUT
16 SEG B OUT
17 SEG G OUT
18 ISET IN
19 V_POS power_in
20 SEG C OUT
21 SEG E OUT
22 SEG DP OUT
23 SEG D OUT
24 DOUT OUT
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-24_W15.24mm
  • Description: Serial-input common-cathode 7-segment LED driver multiplexing up to 8 digits (or an 8×8 matrix). Includes BCD decoder and 8×8 SRAM.
  • Operating voltage / current: V+ 4.0–5.5 V; up to 330 mA with all segments on; shutdown ~150 µA typ.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/MAX7219-MAX7221.pdf
  • SPICE model: (generic model required)
  • Notes: Peak segment current set by R_SET between ISET and V+ (9.53 kΩ ≈ 40 mA/seg). Place 10 µF + 0.1 µF at V+. Daisy-chain via DOUT→DIN. Use MAX7221 for clean SPI buses.

Sensors

TMP36 — Low-voltage analog temperature sensor (10 mV/°C)

  • Manufacturer(s): Analog Devices (primary)
  • MFR P/N (primary): TMP36GT9Z
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): TO-92 (3-pin), SOIC-8 (TMP36GSZ), SOT-23-5 (TMP36GRT)
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 +Vs power_in
2 VOUT OUT
3 GND power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_TO_SOT_THT:TO-92_Inline
  • Description: Precision centigrade temperature sensor — linear analog output (10 mV/°C, 750 mV at 25 °C). No calibration required.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_S 2.7–5.5 V; ~50 µA quiescent; analog 0.1–2.0 V over −40 to +125 °C.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/TMP35_36_37.pdf
  • SPICE model: (generic model required)
  • Notes: 500 mV offset enables sub-zero on unipolar ADCs. Add 0.1 µF bypass close to +Vs.

BMP280 — Digital barometric pressure & temperature sensor (I²C/SPI)

  • Manufacturer(s): Bosch Sensortec (sole source)
  • MFR P/N (primary): BMP280
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): LGA-8, 2.0 × 2.5 × 0.95 mm, 0.65 mm pitch
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 GND power_in
2 CSB IN
3 SDI / SDA BIDIR
4 SCK / SCL IN
5 SDO / ADDR BIDIR
6 VDDIO power_in
7 GND power_in
8 VDD power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_LGA:Bosch_LGA-8_2x2.5mm_P0.65mm
  • Description: Absolute barometric pressure (300–1100 hPa) + integrated temperature. Selectable I²C (3.4 MHz) or SPI (10 MHz).
  • Operating voltage / current: VDD 1.71–3.6 V, VDDIO 1.2–3.6 V; ~2.7 µA @ 1 Hz typ.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.bosch-sensortec.com/media/boschsensortec/downloads/datasheets/bst-bmp280-ds001.pdf
  • SPICE model: (generic model required)
  • Notes: 3.3 V part — do not connect to 5 V logic without level shifting. I²C address 0x76 (SDO=GND) or 0x77 (SDO=VDDIO). Tie CSB to VDDIO for I²C.

MPU6050 — 6-axis MEMS IMU (3-axis gyro + 3-axis accelerometer) with DMP

  • Manufacturer(s): InvenSense / TDK (sole source; NRND — see ICM-20602 / ICM-42688)
  • MFR P/N (primary): MPU-6050
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): QFN-24, 4 × 4 × 0.9 mm, 0.5 mm pitch
  • Pin map (primary package, headline pins):
Pin Name Direction
1 CLKIN IN
6 AUX_DA BIDIR
7 AUX_CL OUT
8 VLOGIC power_in
9 AD0 IN
10 REGOUT OUT
11 FSYNC IN
12 INT OUT
13 VDD power_in
18 GND power_in
20 CPOUT OUT
23 SCL IN
24 SDA BIDIR

(Pins 2–5, 14–17, 19, 21, 22 are NC/reserved — leave per datasheet.)

  • KiCad footprint: Sensor_Motion:InvenSense_QFN-24_4x4mm_P0.5mm
  • Description: 6-DOF MotionTracking — 3-axis gyro + 3-axis accelerometer with on-chip Digital Motion Processor (DMP) over I²C.
  • Operating voltage / current: VDD 2.375–3.46 V, VLOGIC 1.71 V–VDD; ~3.9 mA active.
  • Datasheet URL: https://invensense.tdk.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/MPU-6000-Datasheet1.pdf
  • SPICE model: (generic model required)
  • Notes: 3.3 V part — do NOT drive directly from 5 V logic. I²C address 0x68 (AD0=GND) / 0x69 (AD0=VDD). Required: 10 nF on CPOUT, 100 nF on REGOUT/VDD/VLOGIC. SDA/SCL pull-ups (2.2–10 kΩ).

HCSR04 — Ultrasonic ranging breakout module (2–400 cm, 40 kHz)

  • Manufacturer(s): Generic Chinese (Cytron, Elec Freaks, ITead, no-name vendors)
  • MFR P/N (primary): HC-SR04
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): 4-pin SIP module, 2.54 mm pitch
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 VCC power_in
2 TRIG IN
3 ECHO OUT
4 GND power_in
  • KiCad footprint: VERIFY — not in stock KiCad library. Use Connector_PinHeader_2.54mm:PinHeader_1x04_P2.54mm_Vertical or import a community footprint such as Sensor:HC-SR04.
  • Description: Self-contained ultrasonic distance sensor module. TRIG ≥10 µs pulse → 8-cycle 40 kHz burst → ECHO width proportional to time-of-flight (~58 µs/cm).
  • Operating voltage / current: VCC 5.0 V ±0.25 V; ~15 mA active, <2 mA idle; ECHO 5 V logic.
  • Datasheet URL: https://cdn.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Sensors/Proximity/HCSR04.pdf
  • SPICE model: (generic model required)
  • Notes: 5 V part — divide ECHO for 3.3 V MCUs. Min trigger pulse 10 µs; ≥60 ms between measurements. HC-SR04P / RCWL-1601 accept 3–5 V supply.

Power and Interface

MOC3021 — Non-zero-crossing triac driver optocoupler

  • Manufacturer(s): Vishay (primary), Lite-On, Fairchild/onsemi
  • MFR P/N (primary): MOC3021M
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): DIP-6
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 ANODE IN
2 CATHODE IN
3 NC NC
4 MT1 OUT
5 SUBSTRATE NC
6 MT2 OUT
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-6_W7.62mm
  • Description: Optically isolated non-zero-crossing triac driver for gating a larger power triac controlling AC mains loads. 7500 V (peak) isolation.
  • Operating voltage / current: LED I_F(typ) 15 mA, I_FT(max) 15 mA; output triac V_DRM 400 V, I_TSM 1 A peak; isolation 7500 V_pk (5300 V_RMS).
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.vishay.com/docs/83648/moc3021m.pdf
  • SPICE model: (generic model required)
  • Notes: Random-phase (NON zero-crossing) — use MOC3041/3061/3081 for zero-crossing. Drive a separate power triac through a current-limiting resistor (~360 Ω). Pin 5 leave floating.

OPTO_4N25 — General-purpose phototransistor optocoupler with base pin

  • Manufacturer(s): onsemi (primary), Vishay, Lite-On
  • MFR P/N (primary): 4N25
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): DIP-6
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 ANODE IN
2 CATHODE IN
3 NC NC
4 EMITTER OUT
5 COLLECTOR OUT
6 BASE OUT
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-6_W7.62mm
  • Description: Single-channel phototransistor optocoupler with accessible base pin. 5300 V_RMS isolation.
  • Operating voltage / current: LED I_F max 60 mA, V_F ≈ 1.15 V; V_CEO 30 V, I_C max 50 mA, CTR(min) 20%; isolation 5300 V_RMS.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.onsemi.com/pdf/datasheet/4n25-d.pdf
  • SPICE model: onsemi PSpice library
  • Notes: Base pin (6) usually left floating. Slow (~2–5 µs) — use 6N137 for digital signalling.

OPTO_TLP521 — Single-channel phototransistor optocoupler (DIP-4)

  • Manufacturer(s): Toshiba (primary); Isocom, Lite-On (second-source equivalents)
  • MFR P/N (primary): TLP521-1
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): DIP-4 (single, primary); DIP-8 dual (TLP521-2); DIP-16 quad (TLP521-4)
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 ANODE IN
2 CATHODE IN
3 EMITTER OUT
4 COLLECTOR OUT
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-4_W7.62mm
  • Description: Compact single-channel phototransistor optocoupler in DIP-4 — no base pin.
  • Operating voltage / current: LED I_F max 50 mA, V_F ≈ 1.15 V; V_CEO 55 V, I_C max 50 mA, CTR 50%–600% (rank-dependent); isolation 5000 V_RMS.
  • Datasheet URL: https://toshiba.semicon-storage.com/info/TLP521-1_datasheet_en_20200924.pdf
  • SPICE model: (generic model required)
  • Notes: Officially obsolete in some regions — TLP281 / TLP293 are recommended modern replacements (same pinout).

TLC5940 — 16-channel constant-current sink LED driver with PWM

  • Manufacturer(s): Texas Instruments (primary, sole source)
  • MFR P/N (primary): TLC5940NT (DIP-28)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): DIP-28 (NT, primary); HTSSOP-28 (PWP); TSSOP-28 (PW); VQFN-32 (RHB)
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 OUT1 OUT
2 OUT0 OUT
3 VPRG IN
4 SIN IN
5 SCLK IN
6 XLAT IN
7 BLANK IN
8 GND power_in
9 VCC power_in
10 IREF IN
11 DCPRG IN
12 GSCLK IN
13 SOUT OUT
14 XERR OUT (OD)
15 OUT15 OUT
16 OUT14 OUT
17 OUT13 OUT
18 OUT12 OUT
19 OUT11 OUT
20 OUT10 OUT
21 OUT9 OUT
22 OUT8 OUT
23 OUT7 OUT
24 OUT6 OUT
25 OUT5 OUT
26 OUT4 OUT
27 OUT3 OUT
28 OUT2 OUT
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-28_W7.62mm
  • Description: 16-channel constant-current sink LED driver with 12-bit grayscale PWM and 6-bit dot-correction per channel, daisy-chainable.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_CC 3.0–5.5 V; per-channel sink 0–120 mA programmable (typ max 80 mA continuous), V_OUT max 17 V.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tlc5940.pdf
  • SPICE model: (generic model required)
  • Notes: NRND — TLC5947/TLC5948A are successors. Requires R_IREF (~2 kΩ for 20 mA/ch). GSCLK & BLANK must be host-toggled; chip does not free-run PWM.

MAX232 — Dual RS-232 driver/receiver with on-chip charge-pump

  • Manufacturer(s): Texas Instruments (primary), Maxim/ADI (originator), Intersil/Renesas
  • MFR P/N (primary): MAX232CPE (DIP-16)
  • Refdes prefix: U
  • Package(s): DIP-16, SOIC-16
  • Pin map (primary package):
Pin Name Direction
1 C1_POS passive (cap)
2 V_POS OUT (≈ +10 V)
3 C1_NEG passive (cap)
4 C2_POS passive (cap)
5 C2_NEG passive (cap)
6 V_NEG OUT (≈ -10 V)
7 T2OUT OUT (RS-232)
8 R2IN IN (RS-232)
9 R2OUT OUT (TTL)
10 T2IN IN (TTL)
11 T1IN IN (TTL)
12 R1OUT OUT (TTL)
13 R1IN IN (RS-232)
14 T1OUT OUT (RS-232)
15 GND power_in
16 VCC power_in
  • KiCad footprint: Package_DIP:DIP-16_W7.62mm
  • Description: Dual RS-232 line driver/receiver using on-chip dual charge-pump to convert 5 V logic to ±10 V RS-232 from a single 5 V supply.
  • Operating voltage / current: V_CC 4.5–5.5 V; I_CC ~8 mA typ; driver swing ±7.5 V loaded; receiver inputs ±30 V tolerant; up to 120 kbit/s.
  • Datasheet URL: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/max232.pdf
  • SPICE model: https://www.ti.com/product/MAX232
  • Notes: Requires 4 external charge-pump capacitors + VCC bypass. MAX232 specifies 1 µF; MAX232A allows 100 nF. Receivers have internal 5 kΩ pull-down.

Needs Review (VERIFY flags)

The following entries carry (VERIFY: ...) flags that should be double-checked against the live KiCad 7+ library before the implementation pass:

  • STM32F411CEU6 — UFQFPN-48 footprint string varies between KiCad library versions (QFN-48-1EP_7x7mm_P0.5mm_EP5.6x5.6mm vs UFQFPN-48-1EP_...).
  • RP2040 — QFN-56 EP size suffix depends on KiCad library version.
  • ESP8266_12F — RF_Module:ESP-12F may not exist in all KiCad library versions; RF_Module:ESP-12E shares the same pad pattern.
  • LMV358 — No through-hole part stocked by TI; primary footprint is SOIC-8. Use a compatible second-source DIP-8 if through-hole is required.
  • HCSR04 — Not in the stock KiCad library at all; a 4-pin 2.54 mm header footprint or a community-supplied module footprint must be selected. All chips in this catalogue now carry full per-pin tables, including the seven previously-abbreviated high-pin-count MCUs (ATmega2560, ATmega32U4, STM32F103C8T6, STM32F411CEU6, RP2040, ESP32_WROOM_32, ESP8266_12F).

Class names for 2N... transistors and 1N... diodes are prefixed with their IEEE 315 refdes letter (Q2N3904, Q2N3906, Q2N2222, Q2N7000; D1N4148, D1N4001, D1N4007, D1N5817, D1N4733A, D1N4742A) — both legal Python identifiers and faithful to the real-world refdes-plus-part-number naming on schematics and BOMs (Q1 is a transistor; per the BOM, Q1 is a 2N3904).